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The flowchart provided in Attachment C-I to this appendix shows the decision tree with the criteria to identify whether a facility "could reasonably be expected to cause substantial harm to the environment by discharging into or on the navigable waters or adjoining shorelines." In addition, the Regional Administrator has the discretion to identify facilities that must prepare and submit facility-specific response plans to EPA.
1.1.1 Great Lakes means Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, their connecting and tributary waters, the Saint Lawrence River as far as Saint Regis, and adjacent port areas.
(1) Boston, MA;
(2) New York, NY;
(3) Delaware Bay and River to Philadelphia, PA;
(4) St. Croix, VI;
(5) Pascagoula, MS;
(6) Mississippi River from Southwest Pass, LA to Baton Rouge, LA;
(7) Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP), LA;
(8) Lake Charles, LA;
(9) Sabine-Neches River, TX;
(10) Galveston Bay and Houston Ship Channel, TX;
(11) Corpus Christi, TX;
(12) Los Angeles/Long Beach Harbor, CA;
(13) San Francisco Bay, San Pablo Bay, Carquinez Strait, and Suisun Bay to Antioch, CA;
(14) Straits of Juan de Fuca from Port Angeles, WA to and including Puget Sound, WA;
(15) Prince William Sound, AK; and
(16) Others as specified by the Regional Administrator for any EPA Region.
1.1.3 Inland Area means the area shoreward of the boundary lines defined in 46 CFR part 7, except in the Gulf of Mexico. In the Gulf of Mexico, it means the area shoreward of the lines of demarcation (COLREG lines as defined in 33 CFR 80.740 -- 80.850). The inland area does not include the Great Lakes.
1.1.4 Rivers and Canals means a body of water confined within the inland area, including the Intracoastal Waterways and other waterways artificially created for navigating that have project depths of 12 feet or less.
A facility that has the potential to cause substantial harm to the environment in the event of a discharge must prepare and submit a facility-specific response plan to EPA in accordance with Appendix F to this part. A description of the screening criteria for the substantial harm flowchart is provided below:
2.1 Non-Transportation-Related Facilities With a Total Oil Storage Capacity Greater Than or Equal to 42,000 Gallons Where Operations Include Over-Water Transfers of Oil. A non-transportation-related facility with a total oil storage capacity greater than or equal to 42,000 gallons that transfers oil over water to or from vessels must submit a response plan to EPA. Daily oil transfer operations at these types of facilities occur between barges and vessels and onshore bulk storage tanks over open water. These facilities are located adjacent to navigable water.
2.2 Lack of Adequate Secondary Containment at Facilities With a Total Oil Storage Capacity Greater Than or Equal to 1 Million Gallons. Any facility with a total oil storage capacity greater than or equal to 1 million gallons without secondary containment sufficiently large to contain the capacity of the largest aboveground oil storage tank within each area plus sufficient freeboard to allow for precipitation must submit a response plan to EPA. Secondary containment structures that meet the standard of good engineering practice for the purposes of this part include berms, dikes, retaining walls, curbing, culverts, gutters, or other drainage systems.
2.3 Proximity to Fish and Wildlife and Sensitive Environments at Facilities With a Total Oil Storage Capacity Greater Than or Equal to 1 Million Gallons. A facility with a total oil storage capacity greater than or equal to 1 million gallons must submit its response plan if it is located at a distance such that a discharge from the facility could cause injury (as defined at 40 CFR 112.2) to fish and wildlife and sensitive environments. For further description of fish and wildlife and sensitive environments, see Appendices I, II, and III to DOC/NOAA's "Guidance for Facility and Vessel Response Plans: Fish and Wildlife and Sensitive Environments" (see Appendix E to this part, section 13, for availability) and the applicable Area Contingency Plan. Facility owners or operators must determine the distance at which an oil discharge could cause injury to fish and wildlife and sensitive environments using the appropriate formula presented in Attachment C-III to this appendix or a comparable formula.
2.4 Proximity to Public Drinking Water Intakes at Facilities with a Total Oil Storage Capacity Greater than or Equal to 1 Million Gallons A facility with a total oil storage capacity greater than or equal to 1 million gallons must submit its response plan if it is located at a distance such that a discharge from the facility would shut down a public drinking water intake, which is analogous to a public water system as described at 40 CFR 143.2(c). The distance at which an oil discharge from an SPCC-regulated facility would shut down a public drinking water intake shall be calculated using the appropriate formula presented in Attachment C-III to this appendix or a comparable formula.
2.5 Facilities That Have Experienced Reportable Oil Discharges in an Amount Greater Than or Equal to 10,000 Gallons Within the Past 5 Years and That Have a Total Oil Storage Capacity Greater Than or Equal to 1 Million Gallons. A facility's oil spill history within the past 5 years shall be considered in the evaluation for substantial harm. Any facility with a total oil storage capacity greater than or equal to 1 million gallons that has experienced a reportable oil discharge in an amount greater than or equal to 10,000 gallons within the past 5 years must submit a response plan to EPA.
If the facility does not meet the substantial harm criteria listed in Attachment C-I to this appendix, the owner or operator shall complete and maintain at the facility the certification form contained in Attachment C-II to this appendix. In the event an alternative formula that is comparable to the one in this appendix is used to evaluate the substantial harm criteria, the owner or operator shall attach documentation to the certification form that demonstrates the reliability and analytical soundness of the comparable formula and shall notify the Regional Administrator in writing that an alternative formula was used.
Chow, V.T. 1959. Open Channel Hydraulics. McGraw Hill.
USCG IFR (58 FR 7353, February 5, 1993). This document is available through EPA's rulemaking docket as noted in Appendix E to this part, section 13.
1. Does the facility transfer oil over water to or from vessels and does the facility have a total oil storage capacity greater than or equal to 42,000 gallons?
Yes ___ No ___
2. Does the facility have a total oil storage capacity greater than or equal to 1 million gallons and does the facility lack secondary containment that is sufficiently large to contain the capacity of the largest aboveground oil storage tank plus sufficient freeboard to allow for precipitation within any aboveground oil storage tank area?
Yes ___ No ___
3. Does the facility have a total oil storage capacity greater than or equal to 1 million gallons and is the facility located at a distance (as calculated using the appropriate formula in Attachment C-III to this appendix or a comparable formula 1) such that a discharge from the facility could cause injury to fish and wildlife and sensitive environments? For further description of fish and wildlife and sensitive environments, see Appendices I, II, and III to DOC/NOAA's "Guidance for Facility and Vessel Response Plans: Fish and Wildlife and Sensitive Environments" (see Appendix E to this part, section 13, for availability) and the applicable Area Contingency Plan.
Yes ___ No ___
4. Does the facility have a total oil storage capacity greater than or equal
to 1 million gallons and is the facility located at a distance (as calculated
using the appropriate formula in Attachment C-III to this appendix or a
comparable formula 1 1If a comparable formula is used, documentation of the reliability
and analytical soundness of the comparable formula must be attached to this
form. 2For the purposes of 40 CFR part 112, public drinking water
intakes are analogous to public water systems as described at 40 CFR
143.2(c). Yes
___ No
___
5. Does the facility have a total oil storage capacity greater than or equal
to 1 million gallons and has the facility experienced a reportable oil discharge
in an amount greater than or equal to 10,000 gallons within the last 5 years?
Yes
___ No
___
I certify under penalty of law that I have personally examined and am
familiar with the information submitted in this document, and that based on my
inquiry of those individuals responsible for obtaining this information, I
believe that the submitted information is true, accurate, and complete. _____
Signature Name (please type or print) Title Date
1.1 The facility owner or operator must
evaluate whether the facility is located at a distance such that a discharge
from the facility could cause injury to fish and wildlife and sensitive
environments or disrupt operations at a public drinking water intake. To
quantify that distance, EPA considered oil transport mechanisms over land and on
still, tidal influence, and moving navigable waters. EPA has determined that the
primary concern for calculation of a planning distance is the transport of oil
in navigable waters during adverse weather conditions. Therefore, two formulas
have been developed to determine distances for planning purposes from the point
of discharge at the facility to the potential site of impact on moving and still
waters, respectively. The formula for oil transport on moving navigable water is
based on the velocity of the water body and the time interval for arrival of
response resources. The still water formula accounts for the spread of
discharged oil over the surface of the water. The method to determine oil
transport on tidal influence areas is based on the type of oil discharged and
the distance down current during ebb tide and up current during flood tide to
the point of maximum tidal influence.
1.2 EPA's formulas were designed to be
simple to use. However, facility owners or operators may calculate planning
distances using more sophisticated formulas, which take into account broader
scientific or engineering principles, or local conditions. Such comparable
formulas may result in different planning distances than EPA's formulas. In the
event that an alternative formula that is comparable to one contained in this
appendix is used to evaluate the criterion in 40 CFR 112.20(f)(1)(ii)(B) or
(f)(1)(ii)(C), the owner or operator shall attach documentation to the response
plan cover sheet contained in Appendix F to this part that demonstrates the
reliability and analytical soundness of the alternative formula and shall notify
the Regional Administrator in writing that an alternative formula was used.
1 1For persistent oils or non-persistent oils, a worst case
trajectory model (i.e., an alternative formula) may be substituted for the
distance formulas described in still, moving, and tidal waters, subject to
Regional Administrator's review of the model. An example of an alternative
formula that is comparable to the one contained in this appendix would be a
worst case trajectory calculation based on credible adverse winds, currents,
and/or river stages, over a range of seasons, weather conditions, and river
stages. Based on historical information or a spill trajectory model, the Agency
may require that additional fish and wildlife and sensitive environments or
public drinking water intakes also be protected. 1.3 A regulated facility may meet the
criteria for the potential to cause substantial harm to the environment without
having to perform a planning distance calculation. For facilities that meet the
substantial harm criteria because of inadequate secondary containment or oil
spill history, as listed in the flowchart in Attachment C-I to this appendix,
calculation of the planning distance is unnecessary. For facilities that do not
meet the substantial harm criteria for secondary containment or oil spill
history as listed in the flowchart, calculation of a planning distance for
proximity to fish and wildlife and sensitive environments and public drinking
water intakes is required, unless it is clear without performing the calculation
(e.g., the facility is located in a wetland) that these areas would be impacted.
1.4 A facility owner or operator who must
perform a planning distance calculation on navigable water is only required to
do so for the type of navigable water conditions (i.e., moving water, still
water, or tidal- influenced water) applicable to the facility. If a facility
owner or operator determines that more than one type of navigable water
condition applies, then the facility owner or operator is required to perform a
planning distance calculation for each navigable water type to determine the
greatest single distance that oil may be transported. As a result, the final
planning distance for oil transport on water shall be the greatest individual
distance rather than a summation of each calculated planning distance.
1.5 The planning distance formula for
transport on moving waterways contains three variables: the velocity of the
navigable water (v), the response time interval (t), and a conversion factor
(c). The velocity, v, is determined by using the Chezy-Manning equation, which,
in this case, models the flood flow rate of water in open channels. The
Chezy-Manning equation contains three variables which must be determined by
facility owners or operators. Manning's Roughness Coefficient (for flood flow
rates), n, can be determined from Table 1 of this attachment. The hydraulic
radius, r, can be estimated using the average mid-channel depth from charts
provided by the sources listed in Table 2 of this attachment. The average slope
of the river, s, can be determined using topographic maps that can be ordered
from the U.S. Geological Survey, as listed in Table 2 of this attachment.
1.6 Table 3 of this attachment contains
specified time intervals for estimating the arrival of response resources at the
scene of a discharge. Assuming no prior planning, response resources should be
able to arrive at the discharge site within 12 hours of the discovery of any oil
discharge in Higher Volume Port Areas and within 24 hours in Great Lakes and all
other river, canal, inland, and nearshore areas. The specified time intervals in
Table 3 of Appendix C are to be used only to aid in the identification of
whether a facility could cause substantial harm to the environment. Once it is
determined that a plan must be developed for the facility, the owner or operator
shall reference Appendix E to this part to determine appropriate resource levels
and response times. The specified time intervals of this appendix include a
3-hour time period for deployment of boom and other response equipment. The
Regional Administrator may identify additional areas as appropriate.
2.1 The facility owner or operator must
use the following formula or a comparable formula as described in §112.20(a)(3)
to calculate the planning distance for oil transport on moving navigable water:
d=v×t×c; where
d: the distance downstream from a facility within which fish and wildlife and
sensitive environments could be injured or a public drinking water intake would
be shut down in the event of an oil discharge (in miles);
v: the velocity of the river/navigable water of concern (in ft/sec) as
determined by Chezy-Manning's equation (see below and Tables 1 and 2 of this
attachment);
t: the time interval specified in Table 3 based upon the type of water body
and location (in hours); and
c: constant conversion factor 0.68 secω mile/hrω ft (3600 sec/hr ÷ 5280
ft/mile).
2.2 Chezy-Manning's equation is used to determine velocity:
v=1.5/n×r v=the velocity of the river of concern (in ft/sec);
n=Manning's Roughness Coefficient from Table 1 of this attachment;
r=the hydraulic radius; the hydraulic radius can be approximated for
parabolic channels by multiplying the average mid-channel depth of the river (in
feet) by 0.667 (sources for obtaining the mid-channel depth are listed in Table
2 of this attachment); and
s=the average slope of the river (unitless) obtained from U.S. Geological
Survey topographic maps at the address listed in Table 2 of this attachment. All of the charts and related publications for navigational waters may be
ordered from:
Distribution Branch
(N/CG33)
National Ocean Service
Riverdale, Maryland 20737-1199
Phone: (301) 436-6990
There will be a charge for materials ordered and a VISA or Mastercard will be
accepted.
The mid-channel depth to be used in the calculation of the hydraulic radius
(r) can be obtained directly from the following sources:
Charts of Canadian Coastal and Great Lakes Waters:
Canadian Hydrographic Service
Department of Fisheries and Oceans Institute
P.O. Box 8080
1675 Russell Road
Ottawa, Ontario KIG 3H6
Canada
Phone: (613) 998-4931
Charts and Maps of Lower Mississippi River
(Gulf of Mexico to Ohio River and St. Francis, White, Big Sunflower,
Atchafalaya, and other rivers):
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Vicksburg District
P.O. Box 60
Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180
Phone: (601) 634-5000
Charts of Upper Mississippi River and Illinois Waterway to Lake Michigan:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Rock Island District
P.O. Box 2004
Rock Island, Illinois 61204
Phone: (309) 794-5552
Charts of Missouri River:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Omaha District
6014 U.S. Post Office and Courthouse
Omaha, Nebraska 68102
Phone: (402) 221-3900
Charts of Ohio River:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Ohio River Division
P.O. Box 1159
Cincinnati, Ohio 45201
Phone: (513) 684-3002
Charts of Tennessee Valley Authority Reservoirs, Tennessee River and
Tributaries:
Tennessee Valley Authority
Maps and Engineering Section
416 Union Avenue
Knoxville, Tennessee 37902
Phone: (615) 632-2921
Charts of Black Warrior River, Alabama River, Tombigbee River, Apalachicola
River and Pearl River:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Mobile District
P.O. Box 2288
Mobile, Alabama 36628-0001
Phone: (205) 690-2511
The average slope of the river (s) may be obtained from topographic maps:
U.S. Geological Survey
Map Distribution
Federal Center
Bldg. 41
Box 25286
Denver, Colorado 80225
Additional information can be obtained from the following sources:
1. The State's Department of Natural Resources (DNR) or the State's Aids to
Navigation office;
2. A knowledgeable local marina operator; or
3. A knowledgeable local water authority (e.g., State water commission) 2.3 The average slope of the river (s) can
be determined from the topographic maps using the following steps:
(1) Locate the facility on the map.
(2) Find the Normal Pool Elevation at the point of discharge from the
facility into the water (A).
(3) Find the Normal Pool Elevation of the public drinking water intake or
fish and wildlife and sensitive environment located downstream (B) (Note: The
owner or operator should use a minimum of 20 miles downstream as a cutoff to
obtain the average slope if the location of a specific public drinking water
intake or fish and wildlife and sensitive environment is unknown).
(4) If the Normal Pool Elevation is not available, the elevation contours can
be used to find the slope. Determine elevation of the water at the point of
discharge from the facility (A). Determine the elevation of the water at the
appropriate distance downstream (B). The formula presented below can be used to
calculate the slope.
(5) Determine the distance (in miles) between the facility and the public
drinking water intake or fish and wildlife and sensitive environments (C).
(6) Use the following formula to find the slope, which will be a unitless
value: Average Slope=[(A−B) (ft)/C (miles)] × [1 mile/5280 feet]
2.4 If it is not feasible to determine the
slope and mid-channel depth by the Chezy-Manning equation, then the river
velocity can be approximated on- site. A specific length, such as 100 feet, can
be marked off along the shoreline. A float can be dropped into the stream above
the mark, and the time required for the float to travel the distance can be used
to determine the velocity in feet per second. However, this method will not
yield an average velocity for the length of the stream, but a velocity only for
the specific location of measurement. In addition, the flow rate will vary
depending on weather conditions such as wind and rainfall. It is recommended
that facility owners or operators repeat the measurement under a variety of
conditions to obtain the most accurate estimate of the surface water velocity
under adverse weather conditions.
2.5 The planning distance calculations for
moving and still navigable waters are based on worst case discharges of
persistent oils. Persistent oils are of concern because they can remain in the
water for significant periods of time and can potentially exist in large
quantities downstream. Owners or operators of facilities that store persistent
as well as non-persistent oils may use a comparable formula. The volume of oil
discharged is not included as part of the planning distance calculation for
moving navigable waters. Facilities that will meet this substantial harm
criterion are those with facility capacities greater than or equal to 1 million
gallons. It is assumed that these facilities are capable of having an oil
discharge of sufficient quantity to cause injury to fish and wildlife and
sensitive environments or shut down a public drinking water intake. While owners
or operators of transfer facilities that store greater than or equal to 42,000
gallons are not required to use a planning distance formula for purposes of the
substantial harm criteria, they should use a planning distance calculation in
the development of facility-specific response plans. 2.6 Example of the Planning Distance
Calculation for Oil Transport on Moving Navigable Waters. The following
example provides a sample calculation using the planning distance formula for a
facility discharging oil into the Monongahela River:
(1) Solve for v by evaluating n, r, and s for the Chezy-Manning equation:
Find the roughness coefficient, n, on Table 1 of this attachment for a
regular section of a major stream with a top width greater than 100 feet. The
top width of the river can be found from the topographic map. n=0.035.
Find slope, s, where A=727 feet, B=710 feet, and C=25 miles. Solving:
s=[(727 ft−1710 ft)/25 miles]×[1 mile/5280 feet]=1.3×10−4
The average mid-channel depth is found by averaging the mid-channel depth for
each mile along the length of the river between the facility and the public
drinking water intake or the fish or wildlife or sensitive environment (or 20
miles downstream if applicable). This value is multiplied by 0.667 to obtain the
hydraulic radius. The mid-channel depth is found by obtaining values for r and s
from the sources shown in Table 2 for the Monongahela River. Solving:
r=0.667×20 feet=13.33 feet
Solve for v using:
v=1.5/n×r2/3×s1/2:
v=[1.5/0.035]×(13.33)2/3×(1.3×10−4)1/2
v=2.73 feet/second (2) Find t from Table 3 of this attachment. The Monongahela River's resource
response time is 27 hours.
(3) Solve for planning distance, d: d=v×t×c
d=(2.73 ft/sec)×(27 hours)×(0.68 secω mile/hrω ft)
d=50 miles Therefore, 50 miles downstream is the appropriate planning distance for this
facility.
3.1 For bodies of water including lakes or
ponds that do not have a measurable velocity, the spreading of the oil over the
surface must be considered. Owners or operators of facilities located next to
still water bodies may use a comparable means of calculating the planning
distance. If a comparable formula is used, documentation of the reliability and
analytical soundness of the comparable calculation must be attached to the
response plan cover sheet.
3.2 Example of the Planning Distance
Calculation for Oil Transport on Still Water. To assist those facilities
which could potentially discharge into a still body of water, the following
analysis was performed to provide an example of the type of formula that may be
used to calculate the planning distance. For this example, a worst case
discharge of 2,000,000 gallons is used.
(1) The surface area in square feet covered by an oil discharge on still
water, A1, can be determined by the following formula, 2 2Huang, J.C. and Monastero, F.C., 1982. Review of the
State-of-the-Art of Oil Pollution Models. Final report submitted to the
American Petroleum Institute by Raytheon Ocean Systems, Co., East Providence,
Rhode Island. A C=0.1643
A A (2) The spreading formula is based on the theoretical condition that the oil
will spread uniformly in all directions forming a circle. In reality, the
outfall of the discharge will direct the oil to the surface of the water where
it intersects the shoreline. Although the oil will not spread uniformly in all
directions, it is assumed that the discharge will spread from the shoreline into
a semi-circle (this assumption does not account for winds or wave action).
(3) The area of a circle=† r2
(4) To account for the assumption that oil will spread in a semi-circular
shape, the area of a circle is divided by 2 and is designated as A A Solving for the radius, r, using the relationship A Therefore, r=23,586 ft
r=23,586 ft÷5,280 ft/mile=4.5 miles
Assuming a 20 knot wind under storm conditions:
1 knot=1.15 miles/hour
20 knots×1.15 miles/hour/knot=23 miles/hr
Assuming that the oil slick moves at 3 percent of the wind's speed:
3 3Oil Spill Prevention & Control. National Spill Control
School, Corpus Christi State University, Thirteenth Edition, May
1990. 23 miles/hour×0.03=0.69 miles/hour (5) To estimate the distance that the oil will travel, use the times required
for response resources to arrive at different geographic locations as shown in
Table 3 of this attachment. For example:
For Higher Volume Port Areas: 15 hrs×0.69 miles/hr=10.4 miles
For Great Lakes and all other areas: 27 hrs×0.69 miles/hr=18.6 miles (6) The total distance that the oil will travel from the point of discharge,
including the distance due to spreading, is calculated as follows: Higher Volume Port Areas: d=10.4+4.5 miles or approximately 15 miles
Great Lakes and all other areas: d=18.6+4.5 miles or approximately 23 miles
4.1 The planning distance method for tidal
influence navigable water is based on worst case discharges of persistent and
non-persistent oils. Persistent oils are of primary concern because they can
potentially cause harm over a greater distance. For persistent oils discharged
into tidal waters, the planning distance is 15 miles from the facility down
current during ebb tide and to the point of maximum tidal influence or 15 miles,
whichever is less, during flood tide.
4.2 For non-persistent oils discharged
into tidal waters, the planning distance is 5 miles from the facility down
current during ebb tide and to the point of maximum tidal influence or 5 miles,
whichever is less, during flood tide.
4.3 Example of Determining the Planning
Distance for Two Types of Navigable Water Conditions. Below is an example of
how to determine the proper planning distance when a facility could impact two
types of navigable water conditions: moving water and tidal water.
(1) Facility X stores persistent oil and is located downstream from locks
along a slow moving river which is affected by tides. The river velocity, v, is
determined to be 0.5 feet/second from the Chezy-Manning equation used to
calculate oil transport on moving navigable waters. The specified time interval,
t, obtained from Table 3 of this attachment for river areas is 27 hours.
Therefore, solving for the planning distance, d: d=v×t×c
d=(0.5 ft/sec)×(27 hours)×(0.68 secmile/hrft)
d=9.18 miles. (2) However, the planning distance for maximum tidal influence down current
during ebb tide is 15 miles, which is greater than the calculated 9.18 miles.
Therefore, 15 miles downstream is the appropriate planning distance for this
facility.
5.1 Facility owners or operators must
evaluate the potential for oil to be transported over land to navigable waters
of the United States. The owner or operator must evaluate the likelihood that
portions of a worst case discharge would reach navigable waters via open channel
flow or from sheet flow across the land, or be prevented from reaching navigable
waters when trapped in natural or man-made depressions excluding secondary
containment structures.
5.2 As discharged oil travels over land,
it may enter a storm drain or open concrete channel intended for drainage. It is
assumed that once oil reaches such an inlet, it will flow into the receiving
navigable water. During a storm event, it is highly probable that the oil will
either flow into the drainage structures or follow the natural contours of the
land and flow into the navigable water. Expected minimum and maximum velocities
are provided as examples of open concrete channel and pipe flow. The ranges
listed below reflect minimum and maximum velocities used as design criteria.
4 4The design velocities were obtained from Howard County, Maryland
Department of Public Works' Storm Drainage Design Manual. For open concrete channels:
maximum velocity=25 feet per second
minimum velocity=3 feet per second
For storm drains:
maximum velocity=25 feet per second
minimum velocity=2 feet per second 5.3 Assuming a length of 0.5 mile from the
point of discharge through an open concrete channel or concrete storm drain to a
navigable water, the travel times (distance/velocity) are: 1.8 minutes at a velocity of 25 feet per second
14.7 minutes at a velocity of 3 feet per second
22.0 minutes for at a velocity of 2 feet per second 5.4 The distances that shall be considered
to determine the planning distance are illustrated in Figure C-I of this
attachment. The relevant distances can be described as follows: D1=Distance from the nearest opportunity for discharge, X D2=Distance through the storm drain or open concrete channel to navigable
water.
D3=Distance downstream from the outfall within which fish and wildlife and
sensitive environments could be injured or a public drinking water intake would
be shut down as determined by the planning distance formula.
D4=Distance from the nearest opportunity for discharge, X 5.5 A facility owner or operator whose
nearest opportunity for discharge is located within 0.5 mile of a navigable
water must complete the planning distance calculation (D3) for the type of
navigable water near the facility or use a comparable formula.
5.6 A facility that is located at a
distance greater than 0.5 mile from a navigable water must also calculate a
planning distance (D3) if it is in close proximity (i.e., D1 is less than 0.5
mile and other factors are conducive to oil travel over land) to storm drains
that flow to navigable waters. Factors to be considered in assessing oil
transport over land to storm drains shall include the topography of the
surrounding area, drainage patterns, man-made barriers (excluding secondary
containment structures), and soil distribution and porosity. Storm drains or
concrete drainage channels that are located in close proximity to the facility
can provide a direct pathway to navigable waters, regardless of the length of
the drainage pipe. If D1 is less than or equal to 0.5 mile, a discharge from the
facility could pose substantial harm because the time to travel the distance
from the storm drain to the navigable water (D2) is virtually instantaneous.
5.7 A facility's proximity to fish and
wildlife and sensitive environments not bordering a navigable water, as depicted
as D4 in Figure C-I of this attachment, must also be considered, regardless of
the distance from the facility to navigable waters. Factors to be considered in
assessing oil transport over land to fish and wildlife and sensitive
environments should include the topography of the surrounding area, drainage
patterns, man-made barriers (excluding secondary containment structures), and
soil distribution and porosity.
5.8 If a facility is not found to pose
substantial harm to fish and wildlife and sensitive environments not bordering
navigable waters via oil transport on land, then supporting documentation should
be maintained at the facility. However, such documentation should be submitted
with the response plan if a facility is found to pose substantial harm.
[59 FR 34102, July 1, 1994, as amended at 65 FR 40798, June 30, 2000;
67 FR 47152, July 17, 2002]
_____
_____
_____
ATTACHMENT C-III -- CALCULATION OF THE PLANNING DISTANCE
Table 1_Manning's Roughness Coefficient for Natural Streams
[Note: Coefficients are presented for high flow rates at or near flood
stage.]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Roughness
Stream description coefficient
(n)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minor Streams (Top Width <100 ft.)
Clean:
Straight................................................. 0.03
Winding.................................................. 0.04
Sluggish (Weedy, deep pools):
No trees or brush........................................ 0.06
Trees and/or brush....................................... 0.10
Major Streams (Top Width >100 ft.)
Regular section:
(No boulders/brush)...................................... 0.035
Irregular section:
(Brush).................................................. 0.05
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE 2 -- SOURCES OF R AND S FOR THE CHEZY-MANNING EQUATION
Table 3_Specified Time Intervals
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Substantial harm planning
Operating areas time (hrs)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Higher volume port area................... 12 hour arrival+3 hour
deployment=15 hours.
Great Lakes............................... 24 hour arrival+3 hour
deployment=27 hours.
All other rivers and canals, inland, and 24 hour arrival+3 hour
nearshore areas. deployment=27 hours.
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